How to Succeed in College Essay Example for Free

How to Succeed in College EssayFor close, the collegiate experience represents a major cornerstone in life. Attending college can erect identity, give direction and fortify the foundation of its students. Success in college means always demonstrating responsible decision making. Attendance policies and rules of participation may not pop out to be significant, but they can move a student to the right or to the left in the grading scale. It is also crucial to adhere to unbendable standards that command accountability. Some Professors are adamant about participation and class involvement. Academia mandates setting goals and becoming objective. You will discover that these habits, when applied, enhance the window of chance for success to enter. Confidence is an essential part of being a successful college student. Likewise, a student that lacks this sort of discipline, readiness and mental strength will most likely be lackadaisical and less likely to thrive in college. The firs t key to succeeding in college is attendance. Being present and on succession ensures that pertinent knowledge is ascertained.Most of all, showing up on time for every class allows the individualist to develop positive attendance habits that are fairish as important in the job market. These habits reflect a sense of dependability to professors and employers alike. A student simply cannot gain information from a spill the beans if they are not present. Nonetheless, being present is only half of the equation. The next step is class participation. Professors want to see that their students can apply what is being taught to them. This constituent may stimulate debate, or even trigger thorough research on something in particular. At the college level, participation and attentiveness really exercise the question. Consequently, when students change by reversal in groups, are involved in research and share opinions they are able to hone their communication skills. Subsequently, it is critical for any college student to set goals and brief objectives for accomplishing them. Individuals with something to work toward are most likely to thrive in any college or university.Goals provide the determination to fuel students through adversity school link or not. Objectives should be well-defined. They are actually small steps indicative of levels of accomplishment and success. For college students, enormous goals are not far-fetched, nor do they seem impossible to relegate when clearobjectives exist. Students who regularly set goals and objectives possess more ambition and drive than those who do not. Goal-oriented people have a more resilient work value-system due to the fact that they can see the progression of their hard work when they arrive at specific objectives. This hard work creates a sense of gratitude and individual accomplishment.Ultimately, college students must be prepared mentally and harbor a positive attitude. Self-confidence must be present if anyo ne is to endure the investment and sacrifice that coat the way to becoming a college graduate. A confident student is one that can evade social distractions and work through personal adversity to take aim to the finish line. Successful college students and college graduates are mentally poised. This frame of mind beckons the hard-working college student to accept challenges, explore new modes of learning and to appreciate their individuality. A confident mind is a mind for success. The rigors of college can, at times, seem overwhelming.With so much information to process, students are bound to enter their respective careers with a solid grasp on what they are doing. Success in college is contingent almost completely on attitude and fortitude. The college freshman will discover that the road ahead is bumpy, demanding and can be painstaking. The graduating senior will be indebted forever for the journey. The investment is precious the success affiliated with reaching the destination is boundless.

Gatsby Automobile Essay Essay Example for Free

Gatsby Automobile Essay EssayThere are many different themes, images, and symbols in Francis Scott Key Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby that render great greatness to the development of the story. One particular image and symbol seen throughout Fitzgeralds novel that acts as a major contributor to the plot is the motorcar. The image of the auto can be seen in relation with any of the characters in the novel who involve themselves in with driving an machine or even simply talk about an automobile. Two characters in the novel that Fitzgerald uses to portray the images and symbols of the automobile are Tom Buchannan and Jay Gatsby.These two automobile owners are created into the strongest conductors of Fitzgeralds imagery and symbolism throughout the novel. The automobile can be seen as representing a few different types of images and symbols. A possible symbol of the automobile may stand for the respective automobile owners status in society. Almost all automobiles in the ninetee n-twenties were black and just about as plain as could be. These black automobiles were possess by all those who could just barely afford an automobile, to those who were average, middle class people, to the extremely wealthy who could easily afford three or four automobiles.What makes this flake of history so important is the fact that Fitzgerald gives both Tom and Gatsby brightly colored automobiles. The personalities of these two characters effortlessly magnifies the showiness and in Gatsbys case, gaudiness. Gatsbys short obnoxious Rolls Royce is a rich cream color, bright with nickel, swollen here and there in its monstrous length with triumphant hat-boxes and supper-boxes and tool-boxes, and terraced with a labyrinth of windshields that reflect a dozen suns. No one in the nineteen-twenties had such an untasteful looking automobile that Gatsby.One obvious and straightforward possible explanation for Gatsbys detestable automobile is that he wants to show off his wealth, sta tus, and success in his many trades. Another not so obvious reason for this hideous yellow automobile could be an image produced by Fitzgerald to try to illustrate Gatsbys need to reach out and grasp Daisys attention. Unfortunately, because Gatsby was formerly a much cut down class man, living on a farm out west with his family, his wealth and riches cannot buy him any class or style. A truly similar situation can be seen with Tom Buchannan and his automobiles.He too, is very showy and flashy in his actions to show the world his possessions. Tom, like Gatsby, has an unusual colored car. This blue automobile is a symbol of wealth, status, and riches, just like Gatsby, but it can represent another image. Every single time Tom heads everyplace to Wilsons Garage for some gas or to see Myrtle, Wilson asks Tom about purchasing his old automobile. Tom plainly and seemingly without thinking puts the field of study off to the side as if it wasnt important and he didnt want to talk about it.Sadly for Wilson, the automobile in a esthesis symbolizes Myrtle. Tom pushes the car aside as if it didnt matter much at all to him, just like he uses Myrtle and makes all those unoccupied promises to her about trying to divorce Daisy and being together forever. The images and symbols throughout The Great Gatsby create many dimensions to such a superb plot and character development. These direful images set up by Fitzgerald give the novel a complete feel of full development. Fitzgerald ties in all the different elements of the story by exploitation the one simple entity of the automobile.

Explosion In The British Petroleum Texas City Refinery Commerce Essay

Explosion In The British Petroleum Texas urban center Refinery Commerce EssayThe volley and fires incident in the British Petroleum Texas City refinery on 23 March, 2005 has been described and reviewed in this assignment. investigating distinguish revealed that the incident occurred during the startup of an isomerization (ISOM) exploit unit. It was inform that this incident resulted in huge stupor on BP play along and its stake realiseers. The impact of the incident has been critically commended with the support of several data. Fatalities and injuries on nearby trailers, onsite and offsite damage, post-incident collar result, and economic losses were the major consequences of the explosion. Causes of the incident nourish been withal examined in order to modify BP performance. Organizational and process guard inadequate was the major burden for the incident. Recommendations which may improve BP situation and help to avoid idle incident have been provided throughout th e assignment. The improvement on process safety culture, organizational changes such as merger and acquisition, budget cutting and employees training at all levels, as well as the enforcement of more than effective safety management systems have been suggested to improve BP performance. Lastly, a safe trailer attitudement policy has been proposed to avoid the risk of similar incident.British Petroleum Company and Texas City Refinery BackgroundThe British Petroleum (BP) refinery in Texas City, Texas is the third largest oil refinery limit in the U.S. On Wednesday, 23 March 2005 at 120p.m, an explosion and fires happened at the BP refinery in Texas City, Texas, 30 miles southeast of Houston. The BP refinery in Texas City has the great impact on the overall gasoline supply in the U.S. This oil refinery has the capability to produce about 10 million gallons of gasoline per day. This amount of production makes up about 2.5% of the gasoline sold in the U.S. Apart from producing gasol ine, this BP refinery to a fault produces diesel fuels, jet fuels, and chemical ladder stocks. There are 29 oil refinery units and 4 chemical units cover its 1,200 acre plant. In BP refinery in Texas City, BP employs about 1,800 employees. While the explosion and fires occurred, about 800 disregardor workers were onsite carrying throwback activities. The site has had several alters in management at both the corporate and refinery stages from its commissioning to the date of the explosion incident (Kaszniak Holmstrom, 2008 U.S Chemical pencil eraser and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB), 2005).Incident DescriptionOn 23 March, 2005, explosion and fires in BP Texas City refinery occurred during the startup of an isomerization (ISOM) process unit (Figure 1). On that morning, the raffinate splitter lift in the refinerys ISOM unit was restarted after it had been shut down for maintenance. During the startup of a section of the ISOM unit, in combustible fluent hydrocarbons were pump ed into a distillation tower for more than 3 hours without any liquid being removed by operations worker. This action was opposing to startup procedure instructions. The false signal provided by pull strings instrumentation and critical alarms failed to alert the promoter workers of the high level in the tower. As a result, unidentified by the operations worker, the distillation tower was overfilled and flammable liquid hydrocarbons overf broken ined into the overhead pipe at the top of the tower (Kaszniak Holmstrom, 2008 U.S CSB, 2005).As the overhead pipe filled with liquid hydrocarbons, the pressure at the bottom come up rapidly and resulted in the three emergency relief valves which used to protect the tower from high pressure opened for six minutes. A large metre of liquid hydrocarbons then flowed from the discharge of safety relief valves to a blowdown drum with a vent stack open to the atmosphere. The blowdown drum and stack speedily overfilled with flammable liquid hydr ocarbons, which resulted in geyser-like release out the 113-foot tall stacks (Figure 2) (Kaszniak Holmstrom, 2008 U.S CSB, 2005). According to CSB final report (2005), this blowdown system was a hazardous and outdated design. As the liquid hydrocarbons fell to the ground, some of the volatile liquid evaporated to form a flammable vapor cloud. The explosion and fires happened when the flammable vapor cloud was ignited most probably by an idling diesel truck positioned approximately 25 feet from the blowdown drum. The vapor cloud arrived at a wide area which is evident by the burn down area as shown in Figure 3 (U.S CSB, 2005).Figure 1. Raffinate section of isomerization ISOM process unit (U.S CSB, 2005)Figure 2. Raffinate splitter tower overfills and blowdown drum releases flammable liquid hydrocarbons to the atmosphere (U.S CSB, 2005)Figure 3. A post-explosion photo shows the burned area in and around the ISOM unit had the most dangerous fire damage spot the red arrow points to the top of the blowdown stack (U.S CSB, 2005).Causes of IncidentThere are several key findings as the causes of this incident occurred in BP Texas City refinery after an probe was conducted by BPs investigation team which coordinated with CSB, the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and the Texas Commission of Environmental note (TCEQ). The causes of the incidents are summarized as below,The BP board of Directors did not propose effective safety culture and major accident prevention programs. There were no member in charge of measuring and verifying the performance of BPs major accident hazard preventive programs (U.S CSB, 2005).Risk blindness (The Economists, 2006). For instance, BP did not take effective actions to view as the growing risk of a catastrophic event although several fatalities occurred in BP Texas City refinery prior to this incident (U.S CSB, 2005).BP was too much focused on the low personal injury rat e at Texas City while the process safety management and safety culture had severe insufficiency (U.S CSB, 2005)Inadequate in BPs mechanical integrity program. This led to the failure of the process unit in BP Texas City refinery (U.S CSB, 2005).Overzealous cost-cutting strategies (Economist, 2006 Marketline, 2007a U.S CSB, 2005). According to CSB final report (2005), BP Group executive director managers had expenses cuts in the 6 years resulting in the Texas City disaster without measuring their impact on safety of the site (Economist, 2007 Process engineering, 2007).The blowdown drum and the relief valve garbage disposal piping were undersized and the relief valve system safety study was 13 years overdue (Process Engineering, 2007 US CSB, 2005).ISOM operators had been overstretched (Economist, 2007 US CSB, 2005).Insufficient in BPs operator training program (US. CSB, 2005).Impact of Incident on BP Company and its StakeholdersExplosion and fires in BP Texas City refinery resulted in several negative effects on BP Company and its stakeholders. Those effects include casualties and injuries, preparedness and equipment damage, offsite damage, post-incident emergency response and economic losses (US CSB, 2005). Stakeholders of BP who had been affected by this incident were as below,BP Company and its employeesEmployees of contracting firms which include Jacobs Engineering Group (J.E. Merit), Fluor Corp. and General Electric Co.Families of dead victims and injured workers in this incidentTexas communityTexas CityBP stockholdersThe U.S citizens who use crude oilCasualties and injuriesIn the incident, it was reported that 15 contract employees of J.E. Merit, Fluor Corp. and General Electric Co. were killed and a total of 180 employees in the refinery were injured (U.S CSB, 2005). Investigation report revealed that those 15 casualties were due to the explosions impact on the nearby temporary office trailers where employees were having meetings. Of the 15 casualties, 11 of them were employees of Jacobs, Pasadena, Calif, which was contractor in BPs Texas City refinery. The 11 dead Jacobs workers include several managers, administrators and 4 female craft workers. 3 of the victims were employees of Fluor, Aliso Viejo, Calif, was contractor provided maintenance management services at the plant since 2001. The remaining contractor victim was employee of General Electric Co. whereas no BP employee was killed in the incident. Blunt force trauma, which most likely resulting from being hit by structural components of the trailers was the cause of the all 15 casualties. During the incident, there were approximately 2,200 contract employees and 1,100 BP employees working at the refinery plant. Table 1 shows the details of the 15 dead contractor employees (Powers Rubin, 2005 US CSB, 2005).CompanyNameAgePositionJ.E MeritGlenn V. Bolton50Planner-schedulerJ.E MeritLorena Lori G. Cruz32Instrument fitter-helperJ.E MeritMorris R. King57 make oution managerJ.E MeritArthur G. Ramos59 fiber control technicianJ.E MeritRyan Rodriquez28 imposture superintendentJ.E MeritJames W. Rowe48Civil superintendentJ.E MeritLinda M. Rowe47Tool room assistantJ.E MeritKimberly A. Smith43 national administratorJ.E MeritSusan D. Taylor33Pipe fitter helperJ.E MeritLarry S. Thomas63Project superintendentJ.E MeritEugene White53Safety supervisorFluor Corp.Rafael Herrera27Quality control inspectorFluor Corp.Daniel Hogan58Quality control inspectorFluor Corp.Jimmy Hunnings58Quality control inspectorGeneral Electric Co.Larry Linsenbardt58Title not disclosedTable 1. Contractor employees who died in the incident (Powers Rubin, 2005)Additionally, 180 employees at the plant were injured, 66 of the victims had serious injuries and most of them were suffered multiple injuries. It was reported that lacerations, fractures, sprains, strains, punctures and second-and third degree burns were the typical combination of injuries occurred on victims. Those seriously injured had l eave for works, aesculapian treatment or constrained work activity. Of the 66 workers with serious injuries, 14 were BP employees while the others were contractor workers from 13 different firms. Moreover, report revealed that 114 employees were given first help oneself during the incident. Of those who were given first aid, 35 were BP employees while the rest were contract employees from 14 different contracting firms (U.S. CSB, 2005).Facility and equipment damageAccording to CSB final report (2005), the place within the ISOM unit which caused explosion, nearby trailer area, the adjacent catalyst warehouse as shown in Figure 4 and the adjacent parking areas suffered the most severe din damage. The nearby metal warehouse which used to store catalyst and the satellite control room were heavily damaged (Powers Rubin, 2005 U.S CSB, 2005).Figure 4. Nearby trailers that sited west of the blowdown drum (pointed by red arrow) were destroyed (U.S CSB, 2005).Furthermore, it was found th at about 70 vehicles surrounding the ISOM unit were damaged and numerous vehicles were destroyed (U.S CSB, 2005). Moreover, a total of 44 trailers sustained heavy damaged (Figure 5) and 13 trailers were totally destroyed by the b proceed pressure wave that propagated through the plant when the explosion and fires happened. Report also disclosed that a number of workers were injured in trailers as far as 479-foot away from the explosion (Kaszniak Holmstrom, 2008 U.S CSB, 2005).Additionally, adjacent buildings also were damaged by the blast pressure. The damage level on building was not as severe as those occurred on trailers. The damage on surrounding buildings included damaged doors, loony walls, and broken windows, scattering of interior contents, damaged roofs and bent metal panels. Also, the explosion also damaged a total of 50 storage tank cars although most tank farm was located more than 250-foot away from the ISOM unit. The damage on tanks included distorted tank shells, b oth the shell sides and the roofs. A number of tanks utilized to hold hazardous substances like benzene were found being damaged as well and this resulted in the hazardous substances vapors escaped to atmosphere (U.S. CSB, 2005).Offsite DamageCSB report disclosed that not only the buildings in the refinery were damaged barely windows of some houses and business buildings which situated north of the refinery were broken as well. These damaged offsite buildings were located up to 3 quarters of mile away from the explosion (U.S CSB, 2005).Figure 5. Trailers in the vicinity of the ISOM unit were heavily damaged (Occupational Hazards, 2005).Post-Incident Emergency ResponseThe emergency response teams in Texas City were one of the BP stakeholders affected by this BP refinery explosion. These emergency teams provided effective and rapid assistance for the injured people and recovered the fatalities. Texas City Industrial reciprocal Aid System (IMAS) member companies helped with search an d rescue and fire hose lines (U.S CSB, 2005)Economic LossesBP has set aside approximately $2 jillion in compensation repairs, payouts and lost reach for settlement of the incident (Marketline, 2007a). According to The Justice Department and US Environment Protection Agency (EPA), in order to settle down Clean Air Act violations in Texas City refinery, BP Products North America has spent over $161 million after the explosion to control pollution in Texas City, improved monitoring and maintenance and enhanced its internal management practices in Texas City refinery. EPA also reported that $12 million was paid by BP on civil penalty and $6 million was spent on a supplemental project to decrease air pollution in Texas. For settlement issues, BP also converted 100 diesel public vehicles to vehicles that operate using liquefied or compressed natural gas in order to reduce the hazardous emissions like hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. Besides that, BP agreed to build 4 refueling stations for those converted public vehicles (Marketline, 2009). It was also reported that BP faced penalties with $92,000 from The US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for violations in the Texas City refinery (Marketline, 2007b). Moreover, to compensate the victims in the explosion, BP has incurred $1.6 billion (Economist, 2007). Likewise, BP faced reduction in its fourth quarter profit in 2006 due to the huge expenses on safety and integrity investments after the incident. It was reported that BPs fourth quarter profit fell 12% when compared to the last 3 quarters of 2005. Although BP achieved record profit for 2006 BP lagged behind that of its UK competitor Shell (Marketline, 2007c). BPs share price also trailed its rivals like Americans Exxon Mobil in 2006 (Economist, 2007).RecommendationsSome recommendations to improve BP situation have been proposed after accessing the causes of the incident. Safety culture recommendation and trailer siting rec ommendation have been suggested to BP Company as follow,Safety culture recommendation remedy and emphasis more on process safety culture and performance throughIncrease spending on safety assessment and maintenance list an expert on safety management systems for at least 5 years to examine the safety progress in BP refineries.Incorporate process safety into management decision making at all levelsPromote improved process safety through education and training employees at all levelsConstruct organizational changes that may improve process safety which includeMain organizational changes in refinery, for instance through mergers and acquisitionsPolicies changes like cost cutting and regard consistency of policiesEmployees changes such as changes in staff experience and hire more workers to avoid work overloads.Reinforce safety management systems through enforcement of more valuable and effective programs, for instanceMechanical integrity programsRisk management and analysis programs a ndErrors reporting and investigation programsTrailers siting recommendationDevelop a novel trailers localisation policy which contains practices to ensure the safe siting of trailers as below,Protect occupied trailers from accident exposure, for example, explosion pressure and heatSet up minimum safe place requirements for trailer siting where is away from dangerous zones of process plantsAssess the relocated trailers placement via novel risk analysis methodologyConclusionThe explosion and fires occurred in BP Texas City refinery in 2005 resulted in huge impact on BP Company and its stakeholders. The effects of the incident included casualties and injuries which 15 contract employees were killed and 180 employees in the plant were injured, facility and equipment in the plant were damaged or destroyed, offsite houses and business buildings were damaged, assistance from emergency response teams in Texas City and economic losses. BP had has paid about $2 billion to compensate the rep airs, payouts and lost profits and about $1.6 billion to compensate the victims. Moreover, BP was fined by EPA and OSHA for violations in Texas City refinery. BPs Q4 profit in 2006 also faced fall due to the explosion in Texas City refinery. The profit reduction not only affected BP Company but also BP stockholders. The incident also resulted in the financial performance of BP lagged behind its competitors. As part of settlement, BP also agreed to convert 100 diesel public vehicles to vehicles that operate using liquefied or compressed natural gas. Furthermore, the incident has vast impact on the overall gasoline supply in the U.S as the gasoline production of this oil refinery makes up about 2.5% of the gasoline sold in the U.S. Safety culture recommendation and trailer siting recommendation have been given to improve BP situation. Even though accordance with practices in policies does not guarantee on avoidance of hazardous incident, non-compliance undoubtedly increases the risk s. Also, enforcement of effective safety management systems is essential in all companies. Last but not least, employees safety training at all levels are very important to prevent the major incidents.

London Street Photography Exhibition Photography Essay

London highroad Photography Exhibition Photography EssayThis exhibition showings images of London streets taken in the midst of 1960 and 2010, some of them come from the museum archives and was not exhibited before at such a scale. Exhibition takes place in a couple of fashions in the lower train. The main exhibition space takes two rooms to the side showing burgeon forths about street photography. The images atomic number 18 displayed in chronological order well-nigh the room, as we go feather faded sepia images stands out to our eyes as we go along they loosing they grainy quality, the moving objects becoming less woolly and they change to black and white photographs. As we progress to the end of exhibition photographs transform into colour images. An introduction show us a short film which include a interview with Paul Trevor who took photographs of the East End between 1970s and 1980s that were a high points of the exhibition.Over 60 photographers sh avow their work jump with Valentine Blanchards who were born in Wisbech, Cambridgeshire in 1831.His photograph taken in 1860 of Covent Garden Market where man in a hat is caught looking at vegetables objet dart behind him world continues in its busy agency. Looking at this image is giving you a feeling of turning back in time, stopping for a while and think about yourself and all those years that passed. Really calming effect I would say.There were images of Terry Spencer who shot skinheads frowning at hippies in Piccadilly Circus. Another image of couple walking down the street in anticipation, it is beautiful proof that out there somewhere it forever and a day be a moment to be caught .For example when child looks up and smiles or a person sitting alone on the bench in the park. This British capital, wrote Henry James, is the particular spot in the world which communicates the greatest sense of life there is nothing one cant study at first hand.Roger Mayne sought to record a way of life in North K ensington before it was redeveloped in 1960s. His images often looked at the use of the streets as neighborly space. The photograph that caught my eye is the image of two men walking down the Latimer Road caring shopping and just drifted away with their minds completely not apprised of the photographer. I like that the image is in greyscale which makes it stand out to a greater extent because you get that feeling of time and how the viewer perceiving the convening message. The inclose and the location show us that Roger Mayne dedicated himself to describe life on London working class people and streets. Other photograph of Tom taken in battle of Trafalgar Square in 1970 involved simplification of black and white and freezing the moment in time. Other of his find out included in exhibition is picture of children contend cricket in Notting Hill. As Roger Mayne said himself I went to South London and I saw, in the distance, a bombed building with a lot of children playing in it, s o I thought that might be an interesting subject. So I walked towards this building and when the children saw somebody with a photographic camera they nowadays stopped this fascinating thing, whatever they were doing which intrigued me, so they all came out and wanted their photograph. You used to get this cry, please take my photo Mister. As you move nearly the place you witness capital developing and changing across a century. Some of the locations appears a couple of times and as you follow you can visualise that they are becoming more and more as they are today. Different elements pops up, the number of non white faces increase, style of clothes becoming more similar to what we are wearing today and we notice that British culture is influenced more and more by brands and trends from United States.Really interesting for me were the images of racial tensions in 1970s just now the photograph of white woman kissing a black man, photograph by Charlie Phillips, seems to improve t he relations between immigrants and Londoners. I noticed that photography drastically changed across the exhibition. Since the innovations in technology cameras were getting smaller and exposure faster we could notice how the photographers approach changed relating to the subject. Furthermore the subject question also changed specially in the war period as artists changed their focus from capturing streets to highlighting the London inequalities. After that noticeably compositions approached changed due to emigrating people from Europe who brought new modernist style with them. That style travel back and forward since 1960s and which quickly were displaced. What amazed me the most were the techniques used to produce the image. The street photographer often needs to get his shoots quickly and on the Q.T. that push him to compromise in technique. We can find photographers that do this, by intentionally heighten contrast and grain, emphasizing the grittiness of that street which in m y opinion did not look amusing at all. However in whole exhibition you could find beautiful pieces in deed. For example George Reids photographs shot with plate glass camera showing an amazing control of depth of field and exposure with carefully planned and examined shoot of the scene.Moving into colour which is delayed and does not become open after us past 1980s because people belief that greyscale images are more successful for documentary storytelling as a medium. The image taken by Bob Tapper called Two children looking out of a window in Fieldgate Mansions 1986 draw my attention straight away because of that children they looked like they are prisoners of their own house. For a while I felt sad but then I realised that they are actually happy. I do like framing in this image and how photographer emphasizes his point of view standing up and taking picture from that level. Also the writing on the wall matches the subject matter as we do not know if they having a mum or they are orphans. The fact that window is just on the footpath level makes it more abstract how the kids looking out of a window.Further I found interesting photograph of Stephen McLaren called Dog, Big Ben taken in April 2007 .It is a shoot of a dog jumping in the air and captured next to Big Ben on beautiful cloudless sky .What makes the dog look really big just about the size of the Big Ben is the way how it was captured pushed me to think how much you could do when you actually looking around. Also how important is approaching your subject in a way how you want to display your work to the viewer. The last photograph that I will talk about that grabbed my attention was the image by Marco Fiori Metro London Street Photography winner, 2011.The image shows interesting contrast of red and black and it captured the spontaneity of a perfect moment. Overall the exhibition show how London changed around its residents to become a city as we see it today. The down side of the whole experience was queuing for an hour and allot of people shuffling around the small room briefly looking at a succession of the prints which were A4 size or smaller. Also a short description was hanged almost at the ankle level what was real struggle to read. To summarise the exhibition provides the facts that street photography is no longer alive but its shows that is still relevant in todays world.

Product Marketing Element in the Luxury Car Industry

Product Marketing Element in the Luxury Car IndustryPrefaceThis essay discusses the role of harvest-tide (a merchandise element) in the sumptuousness automobile industry. Various frameworks of strategic trade management are reviewed and applied to the context of the luxury car industry. The essay argues that crossway decisions should non be d iodine in isolation, as they are rather complex concepts that transcends the physical harvest-tides itself, so a comprehensive approach is necessary during the strategic merchandising process. Mevery of the fear functions, including but not limited to market, have received strategic relevance in contemporary business discussions (Olson et al. 2005). This means that marketing is viewed (i.e. strategic marketing) as a strategically important component in business decisions in order to better reach and satisfy customers and to improve governanceal performance (e.g. resultivity and profit). Therefore, marketing should not be considered as a distinct business function that is only involved in promoting the product and sensing customer postulate (Caru, 2008). In reality, strategic marketing almost collaborates with otherwise functions to effectively diametricaliate from competing firms in a particular market by answering three vestigial questions, which are where, and how the organisation should compete. This means that if strategic marketing is applied, it is well probable that strategic planning will have a close and an intensive negotiation with the marketing department (Smith et al. 1999).This essay intends to critically analyse the role of the product marketing mix in the luxury car industry. The reason why the product marketing mix was chosen is that this element plays an elevated role for those industries where there is a physical product sold (Trott, 2011). This does not mean that in other more than service orientated industries (such as the banking and fiscal sector) the product mix have a demean ro le, however, marketing managers may want to focus more on other elements of the marketing mix to deliver an enhanced customer experience. Generally speaking, the key criterion for product is that it mustinessiness satisfy existing or emerging customer commands in competitive markets, so organisations must place an extra emphasis on communicating why their products are spiffing to that of their competitors (Grnroos, 1997). This could be particularly true in the luxury car market industry where the competition between existing brands could be intensive.Short overview of the industry and its trends scratch line and foremost, a key distinctive factor of the luxury car market is that its performance (i.e. sales volume) is less affected by changes in the macro purlieu (Bordley, 1993). The recent financial crisis severely hit the car manufacturing industry, however, the demand fluctuation in emerging markets was offset by a growing desire for luxury cars in emerging markets, such as C hina and the Middle East (Rapoza, 2014). The luxury car market is dominated by three brands, which are Mercedes Benz, BMW and Audi, raw controlling the majority of the sales in this sector (Behrmann, 2016). The industry is expected to grow in the future, however, manufacturers and resellers must ensure that they closely follow maturements in their outside environment. The aforementioned brands are expected to maintain their market leading position, however, many other brands (such as Vauxhall) are too trying to enter the luxury market, generally through by changing their product mix (i.e. the use of premium materials in the interior or including such design features (e.g. large diameter wheels) that utilize to be the hallmark of luxury car products (Morton, 2013).The relative importance of the product mix in the luxury car industryIt is widely understood that organisations must first carry out an internal analysis if they are pursuing strategic marketing and if they want to en sure that their products will be booming in their selected market(s) (in this case the luxury car industry) (Stevens et al. 1993). According to the 5C framework, organisations should analyse their customers need, their resources to produce and distribute a particular product, their industry context, competitors strategy, performance and whether or not forming strategic alliances could be a rational choice (Kaynak, 2005). To give relevant examples to the luxury car industry, the following assumptions regarding the 5C model could be takenexiting and unsatisfied consumer necessarily (need for safety, prestige, luxury speck without compromising the automobiles functionality)company resources does the organisation have access to luxury suppliers or does it possess the necessary skills and expertise to manufacture luxury goods in house (e.g. high gear performance engines for Mercedes Benz AMG performance line cars)context the products must follow changes in the external environment (e .g. growing interest towards electric cars or other miscellanies changes)competitors denomination of competing firms and benchmarking against them to develop a differentiated productcollaborations is there any opportunities to form strategic alliances with suppliers? Many luxury cars openly associate themselves with other brands (e.g. Brembo).Once an organisation has assessed the above mentioned constraints (and preferably devised strategies to overcome these), the constraints must be linked with the marketing mix. Although this paper solely focuses on the role of product in the marketing mix, it must not be forgotten that strategic marketing may only contribute to organisational success if an integrated approach is adopted (Keller, 2001). The STP process (segmentation, targeting, positioning) is in addition a critical part of this holistic methodology, so product decisions must also be consistent with the selected market(s)s needs. Therefore, achieving business success is done th rough the development of a close with between the product, the customer and the marketing (Mohr et al. 2009). As such, a luxury car must have those product holdings which are sought subsequently by the luxury car customer and the external communication strategy (i.e. the marketing communication) should clearly set out a product that is extremely cute by potential customers (Martin, 1998).The product levels in the luxury car industryDespite the fact that the author of this paper previously argued that products are often sensed to be physical items, the theory of product levels illustrate that successful organisations must address all layers of the of product level diagram (Kotler et al. 2016). These levels are hierarchical, so the suggested holistic approach is also recommended for product management in order to ensure that customers are provided with a consistent product experience, given that each level closely reflects the target markets (luxury car buyers) expectations.The c ore product (even if it name suggests otherwise) is an intangible element of the product. It essentially entails the realisable benefits from the product use. In general terms, people purchase cars to facilitate their impartation from point A to point B, as other alternative modes of transportation (e.g. bus, taxi, walking etc.) capacity not satisfy customer needs. The basic transportation need is overly generic for luxury car manufacturers, so understanding the psychology behind purchasing a good that well exceeds hardheaded customer needs is of paramount importance (Shukla, 2012). Luxury cars are seldom purchased for their convenience other car makers could perfectly satisfy transportation needs too, so there has to be another rationale behind a high value purchase. Although this paper is too short to enlist the possible psychological factors influencing luxury car purchases, it is realistic to assume that these decisions are overly driven by emotions (Kapferer, 1998). People driving luxury cars intend to communicate their status or they want to leverage on state-of-the art technology and safety features that somewhat counterbalance the irrational choice of luxury cars. Correspondingly, luxury car manufacturers must convince prospective buyers of the presence of these attributes, and apparently the three market leading brands are succeeding. BMW, Audi and Mercedes Benz are recognised as status brands and their technological advancement and safety features are well above the industrys standards. In essence, this is the first step that customers examine before they actually visit a luxury car saloon to discuss further details of the product with a sales associate.The next product level is more tangible in its nature, as it encompasses the actual product (the actual car model, e.g. BMW X5, S-Klasse or S6) and its visual aspects (such as colour, style, quality, chassis contour etc.) (Kotler et al. 2016). Even though it is hard to separate this level from t he actual product, it is important to emphasise that the core and the actual product must equilibrize each other, so if a luxury car is designed to offer buyers a status symbol, this should be reflected in the cars physical appearance and certainly in other parts of the marketing mix (e.g. price, place, people) to maintain consistency.Whilst it is tempting to categorise goods into either services are products, there is often a continuum between the dickens polar ends of the spectrum, so luxury car manufacturers should also focus on the augmented product level (Zimmerman and Blythe, 2013). The augmented product level is mostly undisturbed of service elements, such as after sale warranties, the delivery of the luxury car, maintenance services, financing and a quality customer care to address any customer concerns before, during and after the purchase. The concept of product level shows that the physical product is often just a fraction of the product marketing mix, as successful se llers must address each level in their product management. As it was previously suggested, a concerted approach to marketing is necessary, so luxury car manufacturers must warrant that other components of their marketing strategy (e.g. other elements of the marketing mix) are consistent with their product decisions (Kotler et al. 2016). If these recommendations are adhered to, organisations are able to establish product leadership, which is essential to maintain anticipation and excitement towards the products and to increase the number of new and existing customers (Cooper, 2005). This must be accompanied by a continuous product innovation (instead of just adding variety to products without any value or inspiration) so that luxury cars superiority is maintained.Product Assortment Product Width, Length and DepthA final consideration for product management in the luxury car market is product concoction. Product assortment entails all products that the seller offers for consumers (T hompson, 2000). Product breadth refers to the number of different product lines a manufacturer carries (e.g. high performance hatchbacks, Sport Utility Vehicles (SUVs), sedans, minibuses etc.) product length measures the number of product variants within one category (e.g. optional car features, such as GPS or blind spot monitor etc.), while product depth shows the total number of variants usable at a particular manufacturer.Serving all segments is seldom possible, so organisations must carefully analyse potential customer segments to target, while also maintaining the financial interest of shareholders (Crane and northeast, 2012). The luxury car industry (or a matter of fact, the luxury good sector in general) could be considered to be in a highly specific market, opportunities in increasing product width is not always possible. For example, as introduced during lectures, Dyson manufactures vacuum cleaners, air treatment equipment and hand dryers, which are seemingly in all dif ferent products, nevertheless exiting resources could satisfy production needs for all products and there are definitely cross selling opportunities (i.e. commercial vacuum cleaner buyers might also be interested in air treatment equipment). In case of the luxury car industry, such synergies could be more difficult to attain, since the deployment of capacities for different product lines could be difficult, although Mercedes has successfully diversified into the heavy truck industry seemingly without compromising its luxury perception in its consumer market.Product length assortment consideration is more common in the luxury car industry, as within the passenger car product category, a high number of variants has been develop (Kotler et al. 2016). As previously mentioned, luxury cars come in a variety of forms, satisfying varying customer needs. While this product decision satisfies customer needs, it is also a kind of product diversification that helps luxury car manufacturers to shelter themselves from economic cycles conceivably during the economic recession, large luxury cars were sold in lower volume, yet a cheaper model variant remained affordable to the target without compromising on quality.To conclude, the essay demonstrated the role of the product marketing element in the luxury car industry. It was gradually explored why careful product considerations are necessary in order to ensure a consistency in an organisations marketing strategy and marketing process. It was also highlighted that thinking of products as physical items is not advisable to fully understand what a product is instead, as the theory of product levels has shown, products must provide a holistic consumer experience in the luxury car industry.ReferencesBehrmann, E. (2016) Mercedes on pace to win 2016 global sales crown from BMW. available at http//www.autonews.com/article/20160811/RETAIL01/160819974/mercedes-on-pace-to-win-2016-global-sales-crown-from-bmw (Accessed 15 January 201 7).Bordley, R. F. (1993) Estimating automotive Elasticities from segment Elasticities and First choice/Second choice data, The Review of Economics and Statistics. 75(3), p455.Car, A. (2008) Strategic market foundation A new perspective on marketing and innovation management. Chichester, United Kingdom John Wiley Sons.Cooper, R. G. (2004) Product leadership Pathways to profitable innovation. New York, NY Basic Books.Crane, F. G. and Northeastern (2012) Marketing for entrepreneurs Concepts and applications for new ventures. London SAGE Publications.Grnroos, C. (1997) Valuedriven relational marketing From products to resources and competencies, ledger of Marketing Management. 13(5), pp.407-419.Kapferer, J.-N. (1998) Why are we seduced by luxury brands?, Journal of Brand Management. 6(1), pp.44-49.Kaynak, E. (2005) Marketing issues in western Europe Changes and developments. New York, NY, United States International Business.Keller, K. (2001) Mastering the marketing communications mi x Micro and Macro perspectives on integrated marketing communication programs, Journal of Marketing Management. 17(7-8), pp.819-847.Kotler, P., Keller, K. L. and Brady, M. (2016) Marketing management. Harlow, United Kingdom Pearson Education.Martin, C. L. (1998) Relationship marketing A highinvolvement product attribute approach, Journal of Product Brand Management. 7(1), pp.6-26.Mohr, J. J., Sengupta, S. and Slater, S. (2009) Marketing of high-technology products and innovations. Boston, MA, United States Prentice Hall.Morton, R. (2013) Insignia Vauxhalls luxury company car. Available at https//www.businesscarmanager.co.uk/insignia-vauxhalls-hidden-luxury-company-car/ (Accessed 15 January 2017).Olson, E. M., Slater, S. F. and Hult, G. T. M. (2005) The performance implications of fit among business strategy, marketing organization structure, and strategic behavior, Journal of Marketing. 69(3), pp.49-65.Rapoza, K. (2014) Emerging markets to drive automotive comeback. Forbes. Availab le at http//www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2014/09/01/emerging-markets-to-drive-automotive-comeback/ (Accessed 15 January 2017).Shukla, P. (2012) The influence of value perceptions on luxury purchase intentions in developed and emerging markets, International Marketing Review. 29(6), pp.574-596.Smith, P. R., Berry, C., Pulford, A. and Baxter, M. (1999) Strategic marketing communications New ways to build and integrate communications. London Kogan Page.Stevens, R. E., Sherwood, P. K., Dunn, P. and Winston, W. (1993) Market analysis Assessing your business opportunities. New York Haworth Press.Thompson (2000) Strategic Management. New York, NY, United States McGraw-Hill Education.Trott, P. (2011) Innovation management and new product development (5th edition). Harlow, England Financial Times/Prentice Hall.Zimmerman, A. and Blythe, J. (2013) Business to business marketing management A global perspective. London Taylor Francis.

China :: essays research papers

ChinaChina is a land of beauty and fascination that tempts travelers from all oer the world. It is a massive country, covering 6,000,000 square miles and spanning 60 longitudinal degrees. It has large variety of people, natural landscape,a brilliant history and a horticulture with fascinating destinations that visitors attends to be amazed.China, represents one of the earliest well-manneredizations in the world, has a recorded history of about 3,600 years. It possesses rich historical documents as well as ancient relics. It is the inventor of compass, paper-making, pulverisation and printing. The Great Wall, Grand Canal and Karez irrigation system are three great ancient engineering projects built 2,000 years ago. Now they are the symbols of the rich culture of the Chinese nation. Like other nations, China, in its development, passed through the stages of primitive society, slave society, and feudal society. During the middle decades of the 19th century, capitalist forces of forei gn countries invaded China, and China was slowly modify into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. The founding of the Peoples Republic in 1949 marked Chinas entry into the socialist stage. During the long period of historical development, the industrious, courageous, and intelligent Chinese people of all nationalities together with created a great civilization, and made a great contribution to all of mankind For the first time in decades a Chinese government was met with peace, or else of massive military opposition, within its territory. However, it wasnt like that for long, in the first half of the 20th century, China was beset by major famines, civil unrest, military defeats, and foreign occupation. After World War II, the communists under MAO Zedong established a dictatorship that, while ensureing Chinas sovereignty, imposed fastidious controls over everyday life and cost the lives of tens of millions of people. This new leadership was highly disciplined and, having a de cade of wartime administrative experience to draw on, was able to figure on a program of national integration and reform. In the first year of Communist administration, moderate social and economic policies were implemented with skill and effectiveness.

Essay --

The station which might get to be London first shows up in tarradiddle as a little military space warehouse utilized by the Romans throughout their attack of Britain, which started in A.d. 43. It was conceivably found as an exchanging focus with the landmass and soon formed into a paramount port. It had turned into the base camp of the Procurator, the official responsible for the funds of Roman Britain, when Boudica, the Queen of the Iceni, a local British tribe possessing East Anglia, blazed it to the ground in A.d. 61 over the span of her grisly rebel against Roman guideline. It was reconstructed by the course 100, and first shows up as Londinium in Tacitus Annals. It quickly got to be both the common capital and the regulatory, business, and budgetary focus of Roman Britain. Its populace by the subject matter of the third century numbered maybe 30,000 individuals, a number which developed in fifty years to about twice that number. They existed in a city with exculpated bouleva rds, sanctuaries, open showers, work places, shops, block fields, earthenwares, glass-lives up to expectations, humble homes and fancy estates, encompassed by three miles of stone dividers (allotments of which still remain) which were eight feet thick at their base and up to twenty feet in stature. Throughout the course of the fourth century, nonetheless, as the Roman Empire started to fall, Roman Londinium fell into indistinct quality as its defensive Legions withdrew history records no hint of it between 457 and 600. Throughout that time, then again, it steadily turned into a Saxon exchanging town, in the long run one of respectable size. In that century Christianity was acquainted with the city (St. Augustine named a diocesan, and a church was constructed), yet th... ...istfulness for a quickly vanishing provincial past which headed William Morris to establish the Society for the Preservation of antiquated Buildings, and headed him, too, to start his The Earthly Paradise with t he accompanying lines Disregard six provinces overhung with smoke, Disregard the grunting steam and cylinder stroke, Disregard the spreading of the repulsive town Think earlier of the pack-horse on the down, Whats more long for London, little, and white, and clean, The reasonable Thames flanked by its enclosures green. . . While near the thronged wharf Geoffrey Chaucers pen Moves over bills of filling. . . From the mid life years on, and surface into the nineteenth century, much of London was vicious and dirty. Throughout the eighteenth century, the poor and the unemployed much of the time involved themselves, as Hogarth exhibited, by drink